Nematodes in ruminants

Internal parasites can be considered in three broad groups: roundworms, tapeworms and flukes. The following list provides an overview of gastrointestinal and lung nematodes (roundworms) of importance in cattle, sheep and goats’ production in Europe. Some species cause more serious damage than others. These have been highlighted:

Abomasum
Species	Common name	Primary host	Distribution
Haemonchus placei	Barberpole worm	Cattle	Hardly present in Europe, throughout America, Africa
Haemonchus contortus	Barberpole worm	Sheep and goats	Europe
Marshallagia marshalli		Sheep and goats	Throughout Europe, in steppe climate
Ostertagia ostertagi	Stomach worm	Cattle, sheep and goats occasionnally	Throughout Europe
Ostertagia leptospicularis		Rare in cattle, very rare in sheep and goats	Throughout Europe
Teladorsagia circumcincta and its morphs Teladorsagia trifurcata, Teladorsagia davtiani	Brown stomach worm	Sheep and goats	Throughout Europe
Teladorsagia
Trichostrongylus axei	Small stomach worm/ stomach hair worm	Sheep, goats & cattle (and horses)	Throughout Europe

Small intestine
Species	Common name	Primary host	Distribution
Bunostomum phlebotomum	Hookworm	Cattle	Southern Europe
Bunostomum trigonocephalum		Sheep	Throughout Europe
Bunostonum
Capillaria longipes		Rare in sheep and goats	Throughout Europe
Cooperia curticei & other spp.	Intestinal worm	Sheep & cattle, rare in goats	Throughout Europe
Cooperia oncophora	Intestinal worm	Sheep & cattle	Throughout Europe
Nematodirus abnormalis		Sheep	Throughout Europe
Nematodirus battus	Thread necked worm	Sheep & (cattle)	Throughout Europe
Nematodirus chabaudi		Sheep	Throughout Europe
Nematodirus filicollis		Sheep	Throughout Europe
Nematodirus Egg
Nematodirus helvetianus	Thread necked worm	Cattle	Throughout Europe
Nematodirus spathiger		Sheep	Throughout Europe
Strongyloides papillosus	Intestinal threadworm	Sheep & cattle	Tropics
Toxocara vitulorum	Roundworm	Cattle	Tropics, Central & Southern Europe
Trichostrongylus colubriformis	Bankrupt worm/ black scour worm	Sheep & goats, rare in cattle	Throughout Europe
Trichostrongylus colubriformis Female
Trichostrongylus vitrinus	Small intestinal worm/ black scour worm	Sheep & goats	Throughout Europe
Trichostrongylus longispicularis		Sheep	Throughout Europe
Trichostrongylus Eggs

Large intestine
Species	Common name	Primary host	Distribution
Chabertia ovina	Large-mouthed bowl worm	Rare in sheep	Throughout Europe
Skrjabinema ovis	Pinworms	Goats, rare in sheep	Throughout Europe
Oesophagostomum radiatum	Nodular worm/ large bowl worm	Cattle	Throughout Europe
Oesophago- stomum anterior end
Oesophagostomum venulosum		Sheep and goats	Throughout Europe
Trichuris ovis & other spp.	Whipworm	Sheep, goats & cattle	Throughout Europe
Trichuris

Lungs
Species	Common name	Primary host	Distribution
Dictyocaulus viviparus	Lungworm (trachea and larger bronchi)	Cattle	Northern Europe
Dictyocaulus filaria	Lungworm (trachea and larger bronchi)	Sheep and rarely goats	Throughout Europe
Muellerius capillaris	Lungworm (alveoli)	Sheep and goats	Worldwide
Cystocaulus nigrescens	Lungworm (medium size bronchi)	Sheep and goats	Throughout Europe
Neostrongylus linearis	Lungworm (alveoli in lungs)	Sheep and goats	Throughout Europe, mostly in mediterranean countries
Protostrongylus spp	Lungworm (larger bronchi)	Sheep and goats	Throughoput Europe